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The following questions are based on assigned textbook readings. Answer each question as completely as possible. Be sure to proofread your work carefully for correct spelling, grammar, and usage.

Creative thinking and your own wording are important aspects of an effective answer. Do not merely copy sentences or paragraphs from the readings. However, you should use ideas from the readings if they support your answer. When you do, be sure to acknowledge the source of the quotation or paraphrase.

Interest groups attempt to influence politicians and public policy in a variety of ways. Define the term interest group, distinguishing it from a political party, and briefly describe some of the ways interest groups seek influence. [MO4.1, MO4.2]

Discuss the differences between economic groups and citizen groups. Which areas does each try to influence, and why? From which sources does each of these groups receive the funds needed to function? [MO4.1, MO4.2]

Through inside lobbying, groups seek to gain direct access to officials in order to influence their decisions. Describe key elements and tactics of the process of inside lobbying. Define outside lobbying. Who is involved, and who are the targets? What tactics are used, and what relationship is there with elections? [MO4.1, MO4.2]

Political Action Committees (PACs) are the financial arm of interest groups. Discuss PACs and Super PACs. Discuss some of the controversies surrounding PACs. [MO4.1, MO4.2]

Define pluralism, and discuss the flaws in pluralism related to interest groups. [MO4.1, MO4.2]

Summarize the historical development of the news media from the nation’s founding to today. What has been happening to the news audience and the news media in recent years, and how has that affected the information levels of the American public? Why is it important for citizens to be attentive and informed? [MO4.3]

Define and explain the traditional and new media roles represented by the terms signaling, common-carrier, watchdog, and partisan. Might carrying out one of these roles (for example, the role of watchdog) work against carrying out another (such as the role of common-carrier)? Consider our high-choice media system, including the availability of political blogs. Does this system contribute to a more-informed or less-informed public? Explain your answer. [MO4.3]

Do you think there is a natural tension between the media’s role of informing the public and their need to attract an audience (so that they can make a profit in order to survive financially)? How might this tension influence the choices a media group makes about what to report on? [MO4.3]

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